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Centrifugal Compressor – Complete Guide: Working, Types, Applications & Advantages

What is a Centrifugal Compressor?

A centrifugal compressor is a dynamic compressor that uses rotating impellers to increase the velocity and pressure of gases. It’s commonly used in HVAC, oil & gas, chemical processing, and power generation. This type of compressor is ideal for continuous flow applications and delivers high efficiency at a constant load.

Centrifugal Compressor – Complete Guide Working, Types, Applications & Advantages

Centrifugal Compressor Working Principle

The working of a centrifugal compressor is based on centrifugal force. Here’s how it works:

  1. Inlet: Gas enters the eye of the rotating impeller.
  2. Impeller Action: The impeller spins at high speed, increasing the gas’s kinetic energy.
  3. Diffuser: Converts kinetic energy into pressure energy by slowing down the flow.
  4. Volute Casing: Collects the high-pressure gas and directs it to the outlet.

Centrifugal Compressor Diagram

  • Inlet
  • Impeller
  • Diffuser
  • Volute Casing
  • Outlet

Types of Centrifugal Compressors

  • Single-Stage Centrifugal Compressor
    • Used for low to moderate pressure ratios.
  • Multistage Centrifugal Compressor
    • Multiple impellers in series. Used in high-pressure industrial applications.

Centrifugal Compressor Specifications

Typical specs include:

  • Flow Rate: 500 – 500,000 CFM
  • Pressure Ratio: 1.2 – 10
  • Speed: Up to 60,000 RPM
  • Power: 100 kW – 10 MW
  • Efficiency: 70% – 85%

Centrifugal Compressor is Used For:

  • Oil & Gas Processing
  • Natural Gas Transmission
  • Refrigeration Systems
  • Industrial Air Compression
  • Jet Engines and Turbochargers

Centrifugal Compressor Price in India

The price of a centrifugal compressor in India varies based on:

  • Capacity (flow and pressure)
  • Number of stages
  • Brand & Manufacturer
  • Customization options

Starting Range: ₹5 lakhs – ₹1 crore+

Conclusion

A centrifugal compressor is vital in industries where large-scale, efficient, and continuous gas compression is required. Understanding the working principle, types, diagram, specifications, and applications helps in choosing the right compressor for your needs.

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