Centrifugal Compressor – Complete Guide: Working, Types, Applications & Advantages
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What is a Centrifugal Compressor?
A centrifugal compressor is a dynamic compressor that uses rotating impellers to increase the velocity and pressure of gases. It’s commonly used in HVAC, oil & gas, chemical processing, and power generation. This type of compressor is ideal for continuous flow applications and delivers high efficiency at a constant load.
Centrifugal Compressor Working Principle
The working of a centrifugal compressor is based on centrifugal force. Here’s how it works:
- Inlet: Gas enters the eye of the rotating impeller.
- Impeller Action: The impeller spins at high speed, increasing the gas’s kinetic energy.
- Diffuser: Converts kinetic energy into pressure energy by slowing down the flow.
- Volute Casing: Collects the high-pressure gas and directs it to the outlet.
Centrifugal Compressor Diagram
- Inlet
- Impeller
- Diffuser
- Volute Casing
- Outlet
Types of Centrifugal Compressors
- Single-Stage Centrifugal Compressor
- Used for low to moderate pressure ratios.
- Multistage Centrifugal Compressor
- Multiple impellers in series. Used in high-pressure industrial applications.
Centrifugal Compressor Specifications
Typical specs include:
- Flow Rate: 500 – 500,000 CFM
- Pressure Ratio: 1.2 – 10
- Speed: Up to 60,000 RPM
- Power: 100 kW – 10 MW
- Efficiency: 70% – 85%
Centrifugal Compressor is Used For:
- Oil & Gas Processing
- Natural Gas Transmission
- Refrigeration Systems
- Industrial Air Compression
- Jet Engines and Turbochargers
Centrifugal Compressor Price in India
The price of a centrifugal compressor in India varies based on:
- Capacity (flow and pressure)
- Number of stages
- Brand & Manufacturer
- Customization options
Starting Range: ₹5 lakhs – ₹1 crore+
Conclusion
A centrifugal compressor is vital in industries where large-scale, efficient, and continuous gas compression is required. Understanding the working principle, types, diagram, specifications, and applications helps in choosing the right compressor for your needs.